Air Control Means ONTOBRAS-2013 The industrial application of ontology: Driven by a foundational ontology An ‘improving precision’ case study T opics Themes Background Precisifying s emantic vagueness Visualising the result Fruitfulness example 2 Themes 3 Ontological themes Semantic vagueness Rational reconstruction Increased precision Shift from a pen and paper paradigm Fruitfulness 4 Background 5 The J-TADIS project A Novel Ontological Approach to Semantic Interoperability between Legacy Air Defense Command and Control Systems Int . J. Intelligent Defence Support Systems, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2011 ' Abstract: In common with many other government defense departments, the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) has realized that it has a plethora of legacy systems that were procured as domain specific with little emphasis given to integration requirements. In particular, it realized that the lack of integration between a significant number of the legacy Air Defence (AD) Command and Control (C2) systems meant it could not deliver the increased agility needed for Joint Force AD and that current approaches to integration were unlikely to resolve the problem. They realized that they needed a new approach that demonstrably worked. This paper describes a programme initiated by the MoD to address this problem through the formulation of a novel solution and its demonstration in the Tactical AD-C2 environment using a sample of these existing legacy systems. It describes the ontological solution deployed to resolve the ‘hard’ semantic interoperability challenge. It outlines the physical and semantic architecture that was developed to support this approach and describes the implemented PACE-based (Planning and Collaborative Execution) and SIE (Semantic Interoperability Engine) solution http://www.borosolutions.co.uk/research/content/files/IJIDSS040302%20PARTRIDGE.pdf/view 6 Air Control Means (ACM) Ontological question: w hat is an Air Control Means? 7 Air Control Means ACM is a product of its technological history The technology was paper maps, compasses and rulers Geometric figures were drawn on maps using a compass and ruler The geometric figures were then annotated with an upper and lower altitudes Air Control Means - projection The Air Control Means can be seen as the intersection of a projection of the geometric figure and the fixed altitude bands ACM analysis – first cut 28 September 2013 10 Copyright Forty Two Objects Limited 28 September 2013 Precisifying semantic v agueness Mapping the data 12 ACO MESSAGE EXER/SWIFTRESPONSE// MSGID/ACO/QINETIQ// AMPN/CLASSIFICATION/NU// ACOID/QINETIQ/01// GEODATUM/W84// PERIOD/010001ZSEP2015/302359ZSEP2015// GENTEXT/ACO MANAGEMENT INFORMATION/ PRODUCED FOR J-TADIS SCENARO// NARR/-------------------------------------------------// ACMID/ACM:ROZ/NAME:005 /CIRCLE/USE:CAP// GEODATUM/W84// CIRCLE/LATS:240115N0555342E/15.0KM// EFFLEVEL/RARA:150AGL-350AGL// APERIOD/DISCRETE/200001ZSEP/262359ZSEP// CNTRLPT/OT/CAP1/LATS:000000N0000000E/FLFL:FL015-FL035// CONTAUTH/JFAC/221.777HZ/312.444HZ// 15,000 feet 35,000 feet 15 Kilometers 240115N0555342E 99,900 feet Ground level style.visibility ppt_w ppt_h style.visibility ppt_w ppt_h Recovering the object: cylinder projection - pill segment 13 15,000 feet 35,000 feet 15 Kilometers 240115N0555342E 99,900 feet Ground level EXER/SWIFTRESPONSE// MSGID/ACO/QINETIQ// AMPN/CLASSIFICATION/NU// ACOID/QINETIQ/01// GEODATUM/W84// PERIOD/010001ZSEP2015/302359ZSEP2015// GENTEXT/ACO MANAGEMENT INFORMATION/ PRODUCED FOR J-TADIS SCENARO// NARR/-------------------------------------------------// ACMID/ACM:ROZ/NAME:005 /CIRCLE/USE:CAP// GEODATUM/W84// CIRCLE/LATS:240115N0555342E/15.0KM// EFFLEVEL/RARA:150AGL-350AGL// APERIOD/DISCRETE/200001ZSEP/262359ZSEP// CNTRLPT/OT/CAP1/LATS:000000N0000000E/FLFL:FL015-FL035// CONTAUTH/JFAC/221.777HZ/312.444HZ// style.visibility ppt_w ppt_h style.visibility ppt_w ppt_h Reconstructing the object: cone projection - plane segment 14 “Discs” Ground level 15 Kilometers 240115N0555342E 15,000 feet 35,000 feet 99,900 feet EXER/SWIFTRESPONSE// MSGID/ACO/QINETIQ// AMPN/CLASSIFICATION/NU// ACOID/QINETIQ/01// GEODATUM/W84// PERIOD/010001ZSEP2015/302359ZSEP2015// GENTEXT/ACO MANAGEMENT INFORMATION/ PRODUCED FOR J-TADIS SCENARO// NARR/-------------------------------------------------// ACMID/ACM:ROZ/NAME:005 /CIRCLE/USE:CAP// GEODATUM/W84// CIRCLE/LATS:240115N0555342E/15.0KM// EFFLEVEL/RARA:150AGL-350AGL// APERIOD/DISCRETE/200001ZSEP/262359ZSEP// CNTRLPT/OT/CAP1/LATS:000000N0000000E/FLFL:FL015-FL035// CONTAUTH/JFAC/221.777HZ/312.444HZ// Reconstructing the object: projection - “elliptical” segment 15 15,000 feet 35,000 feet 15 Kilometers 240115N0555342E “Contact Lenses” Ground level EXER/SWIFTRESPONSE// MSGID/ACO/QINETIQ// AMPN/CLASSIFICATION/NU// ACOID/QINETIQ/01// GEODATUM/W84// PERIOD/010001ZSEP2015/302359ZSEP2015// GENTEXT/ACO MANAGEMENT INFORMATION/ PRODUCED FOR J-TADIS SCENARO// NARR/-------------------------------------------------// ACMID/ACM:ROZ/NAME:005 /CIRCLE/USE:CAP// GEODATUM/W84// CIRCLE/LATS:240115N0555342E/15.0KM// EFFLEVEL/RARA:150AGL-350AGL// APERIOD/DISCRETE/200001ZSEP/262359ZSEP// CNTRLPT/OT/CAP1/LATS:000000N0000000E/FLFL:FL015-FL035// CONTAUTH/JFAC/221.777HZ/312.444HZ// Surface Circle *1 <<null>> Extrude Circle *2 <<null>> ACM Circle *3 <<null>> Implicit Ontology ACO = Data + Operations manual + Current Practice + Human knowledge There is no actual definition, anywhere Data can be interpreted differently Programmers will interpret differently There is a requirement for unequivocal meaning style.visibility Data model (schematic) 16 LATS 240115N 0555342E Radius 15 KM RARA 15,000 AGL 35,000 AGL APERIOD 20SEP00:01 26SEP23:59 Surface Circle *1 <<null>> Extrude Circle *2 <<null>> ACM Circle *3 <<null>> Point Measure Pattern Altitude Period Configuration Instances Data Model Explicit Data Implicit Ontology Visualising the result 17 Visualising the result 18 CIRCLE/LATS:240115N0555342E/15.0KM// EFFLEVEL/RARA:150AGL-350AGL// APERIOD/DISCRETE/200001ZSEP/262359ZSEP// Visualising the result 19 CIRCLE/LATS:240115N0555342E/15.0KM// EFFLEVEL/RARA:150AGL-350AGL// APERIOD/DISCRETE/200001ZSEP/262359ZSEP// LATS 240115N0555342E, RADIUS 15.0KM RARA 15,000 to 35,000 APERIOD 20-SEP-2008 00:01 to 26-SEP-2008 23:59 SIE Visualising the result 20 Visualising the result 21 Visualising the result 22 Visualising the result 23 Visualising the result 24 Visualising the result 25 Fruitfulness example (brief) Exposing potential operational improvements 26 Example – improved operational efficiency 27 Example – improved operational efficiency 28 Can be used to model both computer systems and manual process in a single homogeneous model style.visibility ppt_w ppt_h style.visibility ppt_w ppt_h style.visibility ppt_w ppt_h style.visibility ppt_w ppt_h style.visibility ppt_w ppt_h Fruitfulness example (extended) Range of air space patterns The BORO analysis shows that Mission Planning Systems use a wider variety of air space patterns For example They allow the height of the top and bottom of air space to vary – static (or spatial) variation They allow the air space to vary over time – dynamic (or temporal) variation Question – would it be useful if the ACO/ACM also used these patterns? Are the current constraints on the range of patterns too strict? Current approach to airspace shapes in ACOs Current approach to airspace shapes in ACOs is based on Fixed projections, to meet static requirements Fixed time slots, to meet dynamic requirements Current approach: working out the (static) airspace requirement A need to establish an air corridor for aircraft to take off. Start by working out the (static) airspace requirements. Current approach: identifying the Air Control Means Project the map-space upwards. Intersect this with the altitude bands. Based on the requirements the most efficient currently available Air Controls Means is identified. Current approach: working out the (dynamic) airspace requirement A need to establish a time slot for an aircraft to take off. Start by working out the (dynamic) airspace requirements. Current approach: identifying the ACO Air Control Means Based on the requirements the most efficient Air Controls Means time slot is identified Proposed approach at a new more sophisticated static shape Can a more sophisticated static shape result in a more efficient use of airspace? Consider a requirement for two corridors A and B on top of one another Proposed approach: consider two corridors on top of one another Map the requirements for two corridors that are situated on top of one another. The most efficient Air Control Means under the current ACO regime would look like this. Proposed approach: note unutilized airspace There is a lot of unutilized airspace in these corridors, as the shape of the Air Control Means exceeds the static requirements. Proposed approach: match airspace to requirements What would happen if one had more sophisticated Air Control Means shapes that could match the requirements exactly? Proposed approach: reduce unutilized airspace A more efficient use of airspace would be enabled. Proposed approach at a new more sophisticated static shape Computers enable a more sophisticated static shape – that more closely maps requirements The current Air Control Means restricted set of shapes result in a lot of unutilized airspace By having corridors which have shapes that match the spatial requirements, airspace is used more efficiently Proposed approach at a new more sophisticated dynamic shape Current allocation of airspace over time (dynamically) is via time slots Suppose you have two missions planned in corridor A after one another Proposed approach: consider two subsequent missions Plan a couple of missions and allocate the time slots under the current ACO Air Control Means regime Proposed approach: note unutilized airspace There is a lot of unutilized airspace in these plans, as the shape of the bookings exceeds the temporal requirements Proposed approach: match airspace to requirements What would happen if one had more sophisticated air control means shapes that could match the requirements exactly? Proposed approach: reduce unutilized airspace A more efficient use of airspace would be enabled Proposed approach at a new more sophisticated dynamic shape Computers enable a more sophisticated dynamic shape – that more closely maps requirements The current Air Control Means restricted time slots mechanism result in a lot of unutilized airspace By having corridors which have shapes that match the temporal requirements, airspace is used more efficiently Summary 48 Review ontological t hemes Semantic vagueness Rational reconstruction Increased precision Shift from a pen and paper paradigm Fruitfulness 49 Questions 50